"World, Membrane and the Dismembered Body"
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Sabu Kohso
His major work of translation is Kojin Karatani's Architecture as Metaphor
(MIT Press, 1995).
As a translator and essayist, he has worked with such presses as Semiotext(e),
Boundary 2,and Any.
He also hosts a website karataniforum.org.
Invited one by one into an anechoic chamber, a visitor's first sensation
of Mikami's piece is likely to be fear, fear of
being locked in. There is an extraordinary sense of claustrophobia
rarely encountered anywhere else. One is cut off
from the external environment both visually and acoustically--such
is the initiation to the whole event. With no
environmental sound and no echo--the ears feel clogged. The room is
small (5 square meters) like the inside of a cell,
prison or biological, with walls completely covered by a fimbria like
material--geometrically shaped yet oddly organic,
wildly indented, and of skin color. Waiting inside is a chair obviously
meant for clinical use.
As soon as the connection with the external world is cut off, one's
attention shifts inward. Gradually we begin to hear
our own internal sounds, the sounds that we all make, inexorably, as
long as we live: various growlings of the stomach
and intestine, the gurgling of fluids flowing everywhere, surprisingly
big rustlings of, perhaps, dried ear wax, and
finally, the most dominant--the repetitious yet irregular pulse of
the heartbeat. The orchestration of this amazingly rich
range of sounds comes from somewhere strange--so close yet so far.
There is a sensation of being suspended in the
bottomless pit of a biological sound/environment; this is the music
of the abyss, the groundlessness of one's own body.
By definition, anechoic (echoless) is different from soundless (which
occurs in a vacuum, for example) and, of course,
silence, that is a rhetorical rather than physical situation. Even
in a busy urban space, silence can arrive whenever we
pause to notice it, when we stop our conversations with others, or
shift our attention from the normal routine. Our
environment consists of layers of sound in which silence is a momentary
act of shutting off certain layers in order to
pay attention to the ambient. It is a technique of shifting our attention
by what phenomenologists call subjective
bracketing. Therefore, it is possible that, even while listening to
street sounds, we can achieve silence in our
consciousness by transposing whatever noise there is to the realm of
inattention. In this sense, the production of silence,
which is mainly concerned with dialogic structure or communication,
is a cultural event par excellence. But being
caged in an anechoic room deprives one of the context within which
to perform such bracketing. One is thrown into a
situation where the ground is decomposed, and a solitude that is abysmally
rich opens its mouth. It is said that dogs and
other animals can live only for a short while in anechoic rooms because
of the disorientation, and there are records of
anechoic rooms being used for torture.
This is the prelude to the main event. After being invited to sit on
the chair and attach a stethoscopic device near the
heart, one hears and sees an edifice built of one's internal sound/environment.
This is the moment when the abyss
organizes itself into a variety of spatial configurations. Having been
compelled to oneself become a 'gigantic ear' of the
abyss, attention now shifts to actively producing various forms and
sound patterns. First, the repetitious
sound--ba-bumph, ba-bumph, ba-bumph, ba-bumph--of one's own heart begins
to come from outside instead of
inside. Then, the room is darkened, to the surprise, fear, and perhaps
expectation of the audience. Curiously, my own
heartbeat comes from somewhere behind my ear, in the beginning from
far away and then gradually near, then from
everywhere at the same time. It comes and goes from various spots and
toward various directions. Sometimes it sounds
soft like a stream and sometimes shockingly aggressive like a gun shot.
All of a sudden, it begins to rotate around my
head, and it scatters all over the space. Then, along with the roving
heartbeat, my own being feels like moving around
the room and forming various spatial patterns, accompanied by my pulse
as the breath of the world itself. Becoming
sound, 'I' constructs a space/time architecture of another dimension.
'I' is totally dislocated, inside-out, losing the solid
locus that keeps the daily identity. I(t) feels like becoming the space
of the room itself--the gigantic ear. After eight
minutes of this transformative spatio-temporal construction, the lights
come back on and again the ba-bumph,
ba-bumph lasts for a minute, as in the beginning. The denou?ment: one
is escorted out of the room. A total of 15
minutes by the clock, but an immeasurable time that feels endlessly
long and instantaneously short.
Less overwhelming but equally important is the visual component. During
the eight minutes of darkness, a growing,
transformative abstract net pattern is projected on the fimbrial wall.
Looking at the biomorphic growth, it gradually
becomes apparent that its movement is in synchronicity with the acoustic
spatial pattern. The acoustic experience is
being visualized into a transformative net scheme, and watching, one
comes to be able to detect and measure the spatial
form of one's own soundmaking and hearing experience. It might be said
that because of the visual reference, one's
consciousness manages to keep its integrity. By offering the spatial
orientation, the visual can hook and sustain the
body/soul integrity that is on the verge of falling apart. The subject,
first thrown into the abyss, is reconstructed in the
spatio-temporal architecture that autonomously grows in tandem with
the visitor's biological condition.
Case history
For the past several years, Mikami has been asking audiences to lend
their bodies to her work. In "Borderless Under the
Skin", for example, the throb of our own pulse was borrowed, and in
"Molecular Informatics", our gaze: in all of them,
the data of our body was the program's interface. In "Molecular Informatics,"
the audience, which was invited "to see"
the work, donates its own gaze to the program, where, as participants,
they directly encounter the split moment between
their existential passivity (reactive eye movement) and cognitive activity
(the intention to see), always already existing at
the core of their subjective formation. But the role of seeing in the
current work, "World, Membrane, and the
Dismembered Body" is the reverse, that is, instead of inducing the
moment of split, "seeing" delivers a certain recovery
of the split by way of construction. The differences, connections,
and developments between the two projects seem to
correspond to the nature of the hearing and seeing circuits in our
bodies. According to Mikami, the function of the
ear/hearing is more passive than that of the eye/gaze. "Unlike the
eye, the ear does not have a double-fold,
self-conscious expression. The ear does not express that it is hearing.
The ear cannot move at the owner's will. While
the eye can be shut off to intercept certain incoming information,
the ear is totally passive. It simply receives, without
being selective. The ear does not seek, either. Sound offers only its
orientation and movement to our acoustic
perceptor, the ear; we cannot easily detect the sound source solely
by hearing if not for the support of visual
perception."
"Molecular Informatics" and "World, Membrane, and the Dismembered Body"
deal with the two major sensory
data--visual and acoustic perceptions--that today's cultural institutions
rely on most. These are the domains where
today's culture most powerfully and actively produces phantasmagoric
illusionism. Mikami's manifesto for her two
projects is that "the ear is not a thing that merely hears, the eye
is not a thing that merely sees." This offers an important
clue to understanding their common denominator. They both address the
discrepancy between the function of the
fragmented sense-organs in our world of the techno-cultural network,
and the way the cultura-lingual symbolic order
customarily rhetoricizes it. We are the object of capital's agenda
to sell the information commodity at the same time as
being the subject who judges and buys it. At the same time, our Being
or Subject is fragmented into the beings or
subjects of different sensory organs: the thing that sees (i.e., ads,
films, TV, art and so on), and the thing that hears (i.e.,
prayer, agitation, music and so on). Mikami's work makes us aware of
the passivity of existence by emphatically
decomposing an authentic human being--the body/soul integrity--into
functional parts already implicated and
inscribed within the network of the invisible whole we tentatively
call the 'world.' Our subject thinks/says that "I see", "I
hear," while it is also made to see and hear in the context of technology
and scientific analysis. In this way, these works
create an arena that hosts breathtaking struggles between our existential
passivity and activity. The struggles present the
way the 'world' is being constructed everywhere, day by day. In this
sense, Mikami's work presents an anatomy of the
contemporary Cogito, the thing that sees/hears but not always doubts.
What is at stake in "World, Membrane, and the Dismembered Body" (hereafter
shortened to W.M.D) in particular is the
passivity of acoustic perception, even more intense than that of visual
perception. Mikami's statement, that the " pulse of
the heart beat is the most base of self expressions," alludes to the
limits of cultural production--from which it appears
and to which it disappears--the status of our existence, simply being
here, is already an "expression." As the work
makes us realize so vividly, we have always been an instrument, even
before listening to any sound. If our heart is not
beating and our eardrums are not vibrating along with it, we cannot
enjoy sound/music from the beginning.
The heart/ear circuit is extracted from the daily environment (or the
body/soul integrity) and recomposed in a new
context in a way that the Subject is toppled from the Imperial throne
from which it observed, scrutinized, defined, and
dominated the object of perception (as an audience of music or cultural
products in general). In a situation when the
sound source and the sound perceiver--or artist/player and audience--are
not safely distanced but collapsed into a
mutual nesting box, the subject of the audience is made to face a critical
chasm that, in fact, always exists at its genesis.
It so happens that, as Gilles Deleuze said, "'I think' and 'I am' do
not correspond. The chasm is the motor of time." The
chasm is the cruel moment at which the split of the Subject attacks,
yet it is also the moment at which a new
spatio-temporal production begins. At this instant, the pulse of the
heartbeat strikes the hearing subject as a preemptive
attack. Without any preparation, the Cogito is attacked by an accident,
the accident of one's being in the world.
Listening to one's being in W.M.D is equal to listening to the accident
of the world or the world as an accident.
What "World, Membrane and the Disappearing Body" presents to us is that
the heartbeat is the sound of sounds, or the
music of musics. One might even say that the heartbeat subsumes all
virtual sounds in the same way that, in the
psychoanalytic sense, the phallus subsumes all virtual objects. But
in W.M.D, what is at stake is not the heart per se but
the hEARt circuit. Like a Klein bottle, a stream which comes from the
heart is absorbed into the gigantic mouth of the
ear, which is again connected to the heart. The "ear" interface, the
place of exchange, stands on the meta-level to the
unconscious, contingent "heart," at the same time they are collapsed
into one continuity. In this scheme, it is not just a
natural phenomenon of body that is reconstructed, but a moment of production--the
human machine that is connected
to other machines. In the whole of the productive machine, "the head
[ear] is the organ of exchange, but the heart is the
amorous organ of repetition." (Deleuze)
With respect to the audience's experience of the work, Mikami observes:
"It is a real time, double-fold, self-referential
status: the sounds the audience's own bodies make--subtle internal
sounds made by organs reverberating between
tissues and membranes--are proliferated outside the body via the device
and further reverberate in the room to affect
the ear of the audience, which itself is a part of sound sources. In
this work, nothing--neither body nor the device nor
the environment--is the main objective to be experienced, except that
the 'ear' stands out as a mediator between systems,
expressing itself as a certain perceptive coding of topos." W.M.D is
this "topos" rather than an image, for representation
of a certain object--image, view, narrative, thematic system--is not
the concern of the work. Rather, it produces and
reveals the mechanism of representation itself--how the representing
subject and the perceiving subject are part of the
techno-cultural productive "machine." This points to the view of the
world not as a "theater," but as a "factory"
(Deleuze/Guattari): the world as a gigantic factory in which representations
(theaters) of the world themselves are a part
of the production.
Diagnosis
In Mikami"s work everything is arranged around the body or the body
senses. She produces work which employs
"fragments of the body (sensory organs) by decomposing them into data"
because she believes that "essential elements
which compose interface for programs all exist inside our body." Then,
what is the "body" the audience owns as well as
experiences in W.M.D?
Paul Val?ry once categorized the four kinds of body we have in modernity.
The first one is the "body for the self."
Val?ry stipulates: "Each of us calls this body My Body; but we give
it no name in ourselves, that is to say, in it. We
speak of it to others as of a thing that belongs to us; but for us
it is not entirely a thing; and it belongs to us a little less
than we belong to it. . ." In W.M.D, what we experience so vividly
is the very ambiguous mutual belongings of our
subject and our body--the abyss. Val?ry continues: "we can say that
the world is based on it and exists in reference to
it; or just as accurately, with a simple change in the adjustment of
our intellectual vision, that the selfsame body is only
an infinitely negligible, unstable event in the world." Or even more
appropos to our problematic concerns, our body is
the primary obstacle to our ideals. The resistance of our body to our
thoughts is the primary sign of the trauma that the
world does not belong to us; it is the alterity. To our Cogito, this
life, this being, is nothing but an accident which we
nevertheless have to believe to be self-affirming or even causa sui.
The world of passion (passivity) begins from and is
based upon our bodies for ourselves. To the Cogito, the social relations,
including brutal conflicts, and our bodies,
including illness, connect to form one and the same world of wars.
The body of the first category, Val?ry states, is
"formless"; "it has no past." This amorphous present of the body is
the premise of Mikami's work.
The second category of body we own is "the body for others." This is
the one that is looked at and judged by others,
the body that is thrown into the social world. For us to see, we have
first to be seen by the other. For Jean Paul Sartre,
Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Jacques Lacan, being gazed at by the other
is the initiation of the subjective formation.
The body touched by the other also offers the paradigm of love. Furthermore,
this particular circuit produces the
cultural code of narcissism. In this work, we are the other.
The third category is the body that appears as the object of scientific
observation in the context of modernization. It is
fragmented into objects of analysis, operation, and manipulation. Heidegger
as well as Val?ry had reservations about
the fragmented and instrumentalized body--as a loss of Being or the
wholeness of nature/spirit. In fact, all the
fragmentations were concurrent. Thus the problematic of technology
or techn? in the modern is provoked by the
advent of the third body. Mikami's maneuver is rather an affirmation
of the fragmentations; it pushes them to their
limits. The elaboration of her technology is a critique of or competition
with the seduction of the "authenticity" that
Heidegger evokes.
Finally, the fourth body is the most tricky. Using an untranslatable
term, implexe, Val?ry indicates the body that is both
real and imaginary. In today's terminology, this is the virtual body:
the totality of the body that we own/experience yet
can never grasp at this or that moment, by this or that system of thought.
This is the complex of all bodies we
own/experience as a being-in-the world. According to the philosopher
Hiroshi Ichikawa, the body as a realistic
synthesis is possible only thanks to the potential of the implexe,
though it is realized, in a sense, only by deterring and
going beyond the implexe. For this reason, the body as a realistic
synthesis is deemed both revealing and veiling. Upon
the accomplishment of the synthesis, however, the implexe is buried
under the subconscious. This fourth
body--inasmuch as it is neither a realistically synthesized nor revealed
object--is beyond phenomenological
description.
W.M.D reveals and produces the topos wherein the four categories of
body all intervene. The audience faces the first
body as an abyss; s/he experiences a moment very close to narcissism
when they enjoy their second body as if it is
another's; the third body is engaged by the artist's sophisticated
programming; and last, what we ultimately experience
in the small room is the moment at which this indescribable thing--the
implexe--constructs the spatio-temporal edifice,
namely, the extension of body.
Employing the implexe, the invisible drive, this project constructs
a unique environment by making the audience's
internal environment external. This "inside-out" by implexe might be
the essence of the architectonic. The way our
body is both proprioceptive--receptive to it's self-produced stimuli--and
exteroceptive--responsive to outside
stimuli--or how it is autopoietic and allopoietic, can finally express
itself. Perhaps human production of its own
environment--what can be called
Architecture--is always a way of externalizing the internal environment.
Virtual space, the fourth body, the implexe, assumes the potential
for structuring the "inside-out." If not for the
inside-out, there wouldn't be any "here and now, or rather an Erewhon
from which emerge inexhaustibly ever new,
differently distributed 'heres' and 'nows.'" (Deleuze) Just as Samuel
Butler's anagram "here and now" is essentially
produced by "nowhere," the productive "nowhere" can become "now here"
only by way of the jump of inside-out
organized by the virtual body.
Operation
Mikami's work is not an art that expresses something, taking for granted
the authenticity of art or the world of
representation. It is not an art that employs technology and media
for a certain effect of representation.
It points to a situation where art and technology are not yet separated,
and stresses the precedence of technology. As we
have seen, W.M.D creates the circuit through which our body extends
itself in the techno-cultural network by an
elaborate censor of perception. For this mechanism, even a description
of audience participatory/interactive art is not
sufficient.
Rather it is an art that constructs a particular way we make the world
our own body and live in it--the productive force
of technology. On another level, Mikami's work intensely and even cruelly
presents the way we are fragmented and
becoming part of a world that is constantly expanding in tandem with
technology's brutal, accidental force. Making us
directly experience the ambiguity of technology, Mikami's work presents
the immanence. Yet it refuses to represent the
whole world in which we are apart. Mikami composes interfaces of various
body parts and connects them into a
growing network which does not presuppose any existence of a whole.
It is a production of different machinic arrangements. In this sense,
it is engaged in an affirmation of chaos.
Since the work itself radically persists in being ambiguous--an interface--a
conclusion is hardly possible. But as a final
thought without a final definition or a last instance, I would say
that Mikami's work is a mediation between two
philosophical plate-tectonics that have been shaking us for a very
long time: those of Being and chaos. Which is to say
that it is persistently a mediation and an interface which refuses
any finality.
Futhermore, being a patient, a guinea pig, an organ donor, and an audience
in her work, I confess that I became totally
dissected, disoriented, and lost in the sense of observing and speaking
about it as an art work. Being in Mikami's work
does not allow the audience to be a safe, unaffected observer, but
forces us to begin to confront the work in the midst
of a total breakdown and resurrection.
References: Gilles Deleuze, Difference and Repetition, trans. by Paul
Patton, Columbia University Press, 1994;
Hiroshi Ichikawa, Seishin Toshiteno Shintai, Kodansha, 1992; Paul Valery,
"Some Simple Reflections of Body",
included in Aesthetics, trans.by Ralph Manheim, Pantheon Books, 1964